Puke Pai:Nūpepa o ka Hana Hoʻomaʻemaʻe, p.121547.
ʻAno (Manu):ʻO Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), ʻo ka ʻiole ʻōniʻoniʻo Kina (Anas zonorhyncha), ʻo ka ʻiole Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Pōkole:
ʻO nā mahi makani kahi koho maʻemaʻe i nā wahie fossil a hiki ke hōʻemi i nā hopena o ka loli o ke aniau. Eia nō naʻe, he mau hopena paʻakikī ko lākou i ke kaiapuni, ʻoiai ko lākou mau hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā manu. ʻO ke kahakai ʻo East China kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke ala lele ʻo East Asia-Australasian (EAAF) no nā manu wai neʻe, a ua kūkulu ʻia a e kūkulu ʻia paha nā mahi makani he nui ma kēia ʻāina ma muli o ke koi uila kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumuwaiwai ikehu makani. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nui ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hopena o nā mahi makani nui o ke kahakai ʻo East China i ka mālama ʻana i nā meaola like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā mahi makani i nā manu wai e noho ana ma ʻaneʻi ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā manu wai a me ka neʻe ʻana a puni nā turbine makani ma kēia mau wahi. Mai 2017 a 2019, ua koho mākou i nā mokupuni ʻo Chongming ma ke ʻano he wahi aʻo, ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi wela koʻikoʻi no nā manu wai neʻe o ke kahakai ʻo East China a he lawa ka hiki ke hana makani e hoʻokō i ka hoʻomau ikehu, e aʻo pehea e hoʻonohonoho ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahi makani kahakai (nā mahi makani e kū nei a hoʻolālā ʻia) a me ka mālama ʻana i nā manu wai (nā wahi noho manu wai koʻikoʻi a me ka buffer zone ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hana manu wai). Ua ʻike mākou i ʻehā mau ʻāina pulu kūlohelohe o ke kahakai i koʻikoʻi i ka honua no nā manu wai e like me 16 mau anamanaʻo kahua ma 2017–2018. Ua ʻike mākou ma mua o 63.16% o nā ʻano a me 89.86% o nā manu wai i lele mau ma waena o kahi pā ma Chongming Dongtan, kahi i loaʻa ai nā mahi makani, a ua hoʻohana i ka ʻāina pulu intertidal kūlohelohe ma ke ʻano he wahi hānai a me kahi noho hana ma hope o ka pā ma ke ʻano he wahi noho kōkua no ka ʻai ʻana a me ka moe ʻana. Eia kekahi, me 4603 mau wahi o 14 mau manu wai GPS/GSM i hahai ʻia (ʻehiku mau manu kahakai a me ʻehiku mau ʻīlio) ma Chongming Dongtan ma 2018–2019, ua hōʻike hou mākou ma mua o 60% o nā wahi manu wai i loko o kahi mamao o 800–1300 m mai ka pā, a hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēia mamao ma ke ʻano he wahi pale e pale ai i nā manu wai. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua ʻike mākou he 67 mau mīkini makani e kū nei ma kahi kokoke i ʻehā mau wahi noho koʻikoʻi ma nā mokupuni ʻo Chongming e hoʻohuli paha i nā manu wai ma muli o kā mākou ʻike ʻana i ka ʻāpana pale no ka mālama ʻana i nā manu wai. Ua hoʻoholo mākou e pale ʻia ka noho ʻana o nā mahi makani ʻaʻole wale ma nā wahi pulu kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi o ke kahakai no ka mālama ʻana i nā manu wai akā ma kahi ʻāpana pale kūpono e uhi ana i nā wahi pulu hana, e like me nā loko wai a me nā mahina ʻai paddy e pili ana i kēia mau wahi pulu kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi.
LOAʻA KA PAʻI MA:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121547
