Momwe mungalimbikitsire kukula kwa mphamvu yamphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kasungidwe ka mbalame zam'madzi m'madambo ofunikira a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kafukufuku wina ku Chongming Islands ku East China.

Magazini:Journal of Cleaner Production, p.121547.

Mitundu (Avian):Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), bakha waku China (Anas zonorhyncha), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)

Chidule:

Mafamu amphepo ndi njira yoyeretsera m'malo mwa mafuta oyambira pansi ndipo atha kuchepetsa zovuta zakusintha kwanyengo. Komabe, amakhala ndi zotsatira zovuta za chilengedwe, makamaka zotsatira zake zoipa pa mbalame. Mphepete mwa nyanja ya East China ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mumsewu wa East Asia-Australasian flyway (EAAF) wa mbalame za m'madzi zomwe zikuyenda, ndipo minda yambiri yamphepo yamangidwa m'derali chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa magetsi komanso mphamvu zamagetsi. Komabe, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika ponena za zotsatira za minda yayikulu yamphepo ya kugombe la East China pakusunga zachilengedwe. Zotsatira zoyipa za minda yamphepo pa mbalame zam'madzi zomwe nthawi yachisanu pano zitha kuchepetsedwa pomvetsetsa kagawidwe ka mbalame za m'madzi ndikuyenda mozungulira ma turbine amphepo m'malo awa. Kuchokera mu 2017 mpaka 2019, tinasankha zilumba za Chongming monga malo athu ophunzirira, omwe ndi amodzi mwa malo otentha kwambiri a mbalame zam'madzi zomwe zimasamuka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya East China ndipo zili ndi mphamvu zokwanira zopangira mphepo kuti zithetse mphamvu, kuti tiphunzire momwe tingagwirizanitsire chitukuko cha mphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja (mafamu omwe alipo komanso omwe akukonzekera) komanso kusunga mbalame zam'madzi (zofunika kwambiri za malo omwe mbalame zam'madzi zimayendera chifukwa cha malo omwe mbalame zam'madzi zimayendera). Tidazindikira madambo achilengedwe anayi am'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe ndi ofunika padziko lonse lapansi a mbalame za m'madzi molingana ndi kafukufuku 16 wakumunda mu 2017-2018. Tidapeza kuti mitundu yopitilira 63.16% ndi 89.86% ya mbalame zam'madzi zimawuluka pafupipafupi kudutsa dambo ku Chongming Dongtan, komwe minda yamphepo imakhala nthawi zambiri, ndipo idagwiritsa ntchito madambo achilengedwe ngati malo odyetserako chakudya komanso malo opangira kuseri kwa dyke ngati malo owonjezera odyera ndi zisa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi malo 4603 a 14 GPS/GSM omwe amatsatiridwa ndi mbalame zam'madzi (mbalame zisanu ndi ziwiri za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi abakha asanu ndi awiri) ku Chongming Dongtan mu 2018-2019, tidawonetsanso kuti malo opitilira 60% a mbalame zam'madzi anali pamtunda wa 800-1300 m kuchokera kumalo otsetsereka, ndipo mtunda ukhoza kutetezedwa. Pomaliza, tidapeza kuti ma turbines 67 omwe alipo moyandikana ndi malo anayi ofunikira am'mphepete mwa zilumba za Chongming atha kukhudza mbalame za m'madzi kutengera zomwe tapeza za malo otetezedwa kuti atetezere mbalame zam'madzi. Tinatsimikiza kuti kukhazikika kwa minda yamphepo kuyenera kupewedwa osati m'madambo achilengedwe ofunikira a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti mbalame za m'madzi zisungidwe komanso m'malo oyenera otchingira madambo ochita kupanga, monga maiwe olima m'madzi ndi minda ya paddy yoyandikana ndi madambo achilengedwe ofunikirawa.