Behavioral plasticity and trophic niche shift: Momwe atsekwe anyengo yozizira amachitira akasintha malo.

Magazini:Biology Yamadzi Atsopano, 64 (6), pp.1183-1195.

Mitundu (Avian):Goose wa nyemba (Anser fabalis), tsekwe wocheperako wakutsogolo (Anser erythropus)

Chidule:

Kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwachilengedwe kochititsidwa ndi anthu kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu kwa nyama zakuthengo. Kutha kwa nyama zakuthengo kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pakukula kwawo, kukhala ndi moyo, ndi kuberekana. Kusinthasintha kwa khalidwe, kusintha kwachangu kwa khalidwe potsatira kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe, kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri polimbana ndi kusintha kwa anthropogenic. Cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufukuyu chinali kuwerengera momwe mitundu iwiri ya atsekwe a m’nyengo yozizira (nyemba Anser fabalis ndi tsekwe wocheperako woyang’ana kutsogolo Anser erythropus) amayankhira kuti pasakhale malo okhala pamlingo wa anthu pophunzira za khalidwe lofuna kudya. Kuphatikiza apo, tidayesa ngati pulasitiki yamakhalidwe ingasinthe trophic niche. Tidakhala ndi machitidwe ofunafuna chakudya ndikuwerengera atsekwe atsiku ndi tsiku (HR) pogwiritsa ntchito data yolondolera zapadziko lonse lapansi. Tidawerengera madera ozungulira kuti tidziwe kukula kwa niche pogwiritsa ntchito δ13C ndi δ15N wa atsekwe pawokha. Tidalumikiza pulasitiki yamakhalidwe ndi mtundu wamalo okhala pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya ANCOVA (kuwunika kwa covariance). Tidayesanso kulumikizana pakati pa madera wamba a ellipse ndi HR pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa ANCOVA. Tidapeza kusiyana kwakukulu pamachitidwe odyetsera atsekwe pakati pazaka zomwe amadyera tsiku ndi tsiku, mtunda woyenda ndi liwiro, komanso kutembenuka. Mwachindunji, mbalamezi zinawonjezera malo awo odyetserako chakudya kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa cha malo osauka. Iwo ankawuluka monyanyira kwambiri ndipo ankayenda maulendo ataliatali komanso othamanga kwambiri tsiku lililonse. Kwa atsekwe ang'onoang'ono omwe ali pachiwopsezo chakutsogolo, mitundu yonse yamakhalidwe idalumikizidwa ndi mtundu wamalo. Kwa tsekwe wa nyemba, HR yokha ndi kutembenuka kozungulira kunali kogwirizana ndi malo okhala. Mbalame, makamaka atsekwe aang'ono akutsogolo koyera, mwina anali ndi malo okwera kwambiri pamene zinthu sizinali bwino. Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kuti atsekwe anyengo yozizira amawonetsa kuchuluka kwazinthu zamapulasitiki. Komabe, machitidwe olimbikira ofunafuna zakudya m'malo osakhala bwino sanabweretse kufalikira kwa trophic niche. Kupezeka kwa malo okhala kungakhale chifukwa cha mayankho osiyanasiyana a HR ndi isotopic niche pakusintha kwachilengedwe kochititsidwa ndi anthu. Chifukwa chake, kusunga malamulo achilengedwe a hydrological munthawi yovuta (mwachitsanzo, Seputembala mpaka Novembala) kuwonetsetsa kuti chakudya chabwino chilipo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la tsogolo la atsekwe mumsewu wa East Asian-Australasian Flyway.